This guide on Tax Controversy in the United Arab Emirates, contributed by Wasel & Wasel for Lexology, offers a comprehensive overview of the nation’s framework for tax disputes. It details the core legislation, including the Value Added Tax Law, Excise Tax Law, and Corporate Tax law, and outlines the enforcement powers of the Federal Tax Authority (FTA). The guide explains the mandatory, sequential process for challenging FTA decisions and appeals to the federal courts up to the Federal Supreme Court. Key aspects such as taxpayer rights, the calculation of penalties, the strict “pay now, argue later” principle, and rules of evidence are thoroughly examined. The guide concludes with recent trends, including the UAE’s adoption of the OECD’s Pillar Two framework and influential judicial precedents shaping taxpayer defenses.